"Hunter" vs. "Farmer": How Do You Sell?

The cost of finding new customers is estimated toa taste for selling in a more customer-focused,
be between 500% and 800% higher than that ofconsultative manner. This yields better results for
repeat or additional sales to existing customers. Withboth the sales representative and the customer.
profitability, therefore, significantly higher when sellingSales at this level involve mid- to upper-level
to existing customers, it's time to decide what kindmanagement in the buying process. For these buyers
of sales representative you want to be: transactionalthe decision making process is aimed more toward
(hunter) or consultative (farmer).deriving operational results. The sales transactions are
Challengestypically larger, involve multiple products and bring
There's a lot of pressure on salespeople tovalue to the specific objectives of those manager
constantly keep their pipeline full of warm to hotdecision makers. The sales professional has an
prospects. On top of that, sales quotas are everopportunity in this scenario to build trust by asking
more challenging in an increasingly tight economy.probing questions and proposing a solution that helps
Competition is hotter. Buyers are more sophisticated.the manager/buyer to reach their objectives - to act
Commoditization is rampant. Your unique value in thein a consultative manner. This type of sale presents a
marketplace has been eroded by the incessant claimsgreat opportunity for a thoughtful sales professional
of your competition that they can do everything youto demonstrate his or her willingness and acumen to
can do - and do it better. Any (or all) of this soundbe a trusted business advisor.
familiar?Farming
HuntingThe most successful sales professionals employ a
While these are all common factors we're forced tocustomer-centric method of selling, very focused on
deal with regularly, at the end of the day increasingthe needs and wants of their prospects and
sales and profitability is the job of every salescustomers. They act as trusted business advisors
professional. Sales professionals who are primarilyworking to bring strategic value to each transaction.
"hunters" typically look for their sales increases fromThese salespeople realize that to accomplish their
transactions with new customers. They likely aregoal of maximizing value for their customers they
successful cold-callers who work hard at findingneed to get out of the trenches and interact with
sparks of interest in their offerings that they thenC-Level (CEO, CFO, CIO, etc.) executives. Decision
develop through their sales funnels to close. Theymakers at this level typically transact more complex
uncover prospects who have a need for theirdeals that have a direct impact on their businesses'
product or service and are willing and able to make abottom line.
purchase now. Or they repeatedly respond to bid orEvidence indicates that selling at this level has an
quote requests with little hope of engaging theabundance of positive implications for all parties. Just
prospect in an investigation of their true needs andgetting to this level takes solid planning and research
wants.by the sales representative. The information
Sales "hunters" often concentrate their efforts ongathered in this process gives the sales
meeting the lowest common denominator with theirrepresentative a basis for credible conversation and
prospects. They frequently deal with "default" buyersfurther exploration with the executive buyer.
- those who are technical buyers in largerInvestigation and communication at this level
organizations or those who wear many hats intranscends departmental rivalries and addresses the
smaller organizations but are not professional buyers.customer's strategic concerns. Even in smaller
These buyers are looking for the most expeditious,organizations, using this approach positions the sales
least painful transaction they can arrange. Theyrepresentative to become a strategic partner with
accomplish this by limiting the scope of the purchasetheir customer, wherein the customer relies on the
to single products that meet predeterminedtrusted advice offered and the results achieved
specifications or features. Their fervent hope is forthrough the relationship.
the product to deliver benefits limited in scope to aCustomer loyalty arises naturally out of the
very narrowly framed need, problem or issue.strategic-level partnership created when the sales
Transactional sales are often price driven rather thanrepresentative takes a genuine interest in helping the
value based.customer meet strategic goals. The existence of a
Many transactional customers are new customers. Astrong, customer-focused, strategic relationship
worse situation is that repeat customers are stilleffectively locks out competitors, thus lowering the
transactional. This would indicate that the customercost of doing repeat or additional business with that
doesn't have any particular loyalty to the salescustomer. Sales people who employ this method of
organization or representative and that anyselling are "farmers" sowing seeds of trust and
relationship that exists is very fragile. It probably alsoharvesting increased sales, higher profitability and
means that, for the sales organization, this is just acustomer loyalty.
marginally profitable customer.Customer-focused solutions, increased sales, higher
On the right trackprofitability . . . everybody wins! You decide what kind
Somewhere along the way to becoming lessof sales professional you'd rather be, hunter or
transactional, some sales representatives start to getfarmer.